Unit– 1 Introduction to Embedded systems.

1.1 Block diagram of embedded system with hardware components.

 1.2 Harvard and Von-Neumann architecture. RISC and CISC processors.

 1.3 Characteristics of embedded system: Processor power, memory, operating system, reliability, performance, power consumption, NRE cost, unit cost, size, flexibility, time-to-prototype, time-to-market, maintainability, correctness and safety.

 1.4 Classification of Embedded System: Small scale, medium scale, sophisticated, standalone, reactive/real time (soft and hard real time)

 1.5 Types and only features of PIC, AVR


Unit– 2 Programmin g using Embedded C 

2.1 Programming with ‘Embedded C’: Data transfer, Arithmetic and Logical operations. Decision Control & Looping.

 2.2 Timer/Counter programming with ‘embedded C’ for microcontroller. 

2.3 Serial communication programming with ‘embedded C ‘for microcontroller 

2.4 Interrupt control programming with ‘embedded C’ for microcontroller.


Unit-3 Communicat ion standards and protocols. 

3.1 Modes of data communication: Simplex, Duplex, Half Duplex, Serial, Parallel, Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication 

3.2 Serial communication standards: RS232. MAX232 bidirectional level converter. 

3.3 Communication protocols i. Serial Communication Protocol: I2C, CAN, USB, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). ii. Parallel Communication Protocol: PCI, PCI-X 

3.4 Overview of advanced serial protocol: IrDA, Bluetooth, Zigbee.


Unit – 4 Advanced Processor and Arduino Board

4.1 Introduction to ATmega 328P microcontroller: Architecture, Pin diagram, features and application 

4.2 Introduction to ARM-7 Processor: Architecture of ARM-7TDMI processor, Features and application 

4.3 Introduction to PIC microcontroller: Architecture, features and applications

 4.4 Introduction to Ardunio IDE: Functions: setup, loop, pinMode, digitalWrite, digitalRead, delay,serial Conditional statements if, ifelse, while, do while. 

4.5 Different types of Arduino board: UNO, Micro, mini. Comparison and application 


Unit –5 Interfacing Input and Output devices with Arduino Uno Board 

5.1 Programming and Interfacing of switches, keys, sensors with Ardunio Uno board. 

5.2 Programming and Interfacing of LED, 7-Segment, Relays with Ardunio Uno board.

 5.3 Programming and Interfacing of Matrix keyboard, multiplex 7-Segment display, LCD with Ardunio Uno board. 

5.4 Programming and Interfacing of stepper motor, DC motor with Ardunio Uno board.


Unit-6 Real Time Operating Systems

6.1 Operating System: General and Real time operating system. 

6.2 Characteristics of Real Time Operating System: Consistency, Reliability, scalability, Performance, Predictability. 

6.3 Functions of RTOS: Task management, Scheduling, Resource allocation and interrupt handling . 

6.4 Task synchronization and Mutual Exclusion, Multitasking

 6.5 Features of RTOS: Watchdog timer, Semaphore, Deadlock. Starvation ,Deadlock, Multiple process